HASAN IBN ALI IBN ABI TALIB IN THE BOOKS (AL-MA'ARIF) AND (AL-IMAMA WA AL-SIYASA): A HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of the historical narrative methodology of the renowned scholar Ibn Qutayba Al-Dinawari (213-276 AH / 828–889 AD) regarding the personality of Hasan ibn Ali, based on his works: Al-Ma'arif and Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa. The findings indicate that in Al-Ma'arif, Ibn Qutayba emerges as a "genealogist" historian, prioritizing biographical summaries such as dates of birth, names of spouses and children, and core events in a formal and concise manner. Conversely, in Al-Imama wa al-Siyasa, his style shifts toward "political analysis", highlighting pivotal stances, such as the abdication of the caliphate to (Mu'awiya) for the purpose of preserving Muslims' blood, while showcasing Hasan’s traits of gentleness, wisdom, and forbearance during crises. The comparison reveals that in the second book, the author delves deeper into the details of negotiations and social-political reactions, particularly the tensions and rivalries within the conflict between the Hashemite and Umayyad houses. In both books, Hasan ibn Ali is portrayed as a peace-loving figure and a selfless leader dedicated to the unity of the Ummah. This study emphasizes the multidimensional nature of Ibn Qutayba’s writing style, presenting information from various historical perspectives depending on the objective of the work. It is an attempt to highlight the historical principles and facts that led Islamic leadership at that time to prioritize the public interest and the protection of the social fabric and relationships over all other interests, clarifying their role in establishing peace and avoiding discord.